In a surprising development, Hamas has appointed Yahya Sinwar, the group’s top leader in Gaza, as the new leader of its political bloc following the assassination of former political chief Ismail Haniyeh. Haniyeh’s killing, believed to have been carried out by Israel, has escalated tensions in the Middle East to unprecedented levels since October.
Sinwar has been active underground since October 7, when Hamas initiated an offensive that has resulted in an estimated 1,139 fatalities and over 200 captives. According to the Gaza Ministry of Health, nearly 40,000 Palestinians have lost their lives in Gaza since the conflict’s escalation, though this figure may be much higher when accounting for disease, starvation, and other war-related consequences. In a statement, Hamas pointed out that Haniyeh’s death, along with the losses of children, women, and the elderly, demonstrates that the resistance and its leaders are deeply connected to their people.
“Hamas remains steadfast on the battlefield and in politics,” stated Osama Hamdan, a spokesperson for Hamas. “The leader today is the one who has led the struggle for over 305 days and continues to be resilient on the ground.”
Sinwar has been a high-profile target for Israel since October 7, with Israeli politicians repeatedly vowing to eliminate him. Israel’s Foreign Minister Israel Katz remarked that Sinwar’s appointment as the new leader is another reason to quickly remove him and eradicate this “abhorrent organization” from the face of the earth. Conversely, U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken noted that Sinwar will play a key role in deciding whether a ceasefire can be negotiated, which is critical for many Palestinians in need.
Sinwar’s political influence grew after his election to Hamas’ Political Bureau in 2013 and his assumption of leadership in Gaza in 2017. He has focused on enhancing the group’s military capabilities and international relations, including rebuilding ties with Egypt and Iran, which previously held an opposing stance towards Hamas during the Syrian civil war.
Analysts believe that Sinwar’s appointment may be attributed to his visibility compared to other Hamas leaders. For instance, Mohammad Deif, the leader of Hamas’ armed wing, the Qassam Brigades, is thought to be one of the true architects behind the October 7 attack; however, he has not been seen publicly for years, distinguishing him from Sinwar, who has previously addressed the people of Gaza directly.
Questions arise regarding how Sinwar will be able to fulfill his role amid the current difficulties in Gaza. Haniyeh had been leading negotiations for Hamas before his death. Khaled Meshaal, who previously led Hamas’ political bloc, was considered a candidate, but his influence has waned.
Sinwar is characterized as an uncompromising figure compared to Haniyeh’s more moderate approach. According to Hani Awad, a researcher at the Doha Institute, Sinwar’s selection indicates that the entire leadership of Hamas stands behind Gaza and its resistance. “Organizationally, Sinwar represents continuity rather than change,” Awad added.
Although Sinwar’s appointment is symbolic, it could potentially influence upcoming ceasefire negotiations. As Israel continues its attacks targeting Hamas, the situation indicates that Sinwar and his hardline stance have now taken a prominent position.